All about ureteral stents

What is a stent?

Ureteral stents are soft, hollow, plastic tubes placed temporarily into the ureter to allow drainage around a stone or to speed healing after a stone surgery

Photograph of a ureteral stent
Photo of a ureteral stent next to a pen.

When are they needed?

Stents are used for various reasons in patients with kidney stones. They may be placed in patients to help reduce pain from a stone, when infection is present to allow drainage, or when a stone is preventing a kidney from working adequately. Stents are also commonly placed after surgeries for stones, as in ureteroscopy, to allow healing and prevent swelling of the ureter.

Illustration of a ureteral stent.

How is a stent placed?

Stents are placed during surgery by sliding them over a soft “guidewire” which is placed up the ureter, which is the tube draining the kidney. See a video below of a stent being placed.

How is a stent removed?

Stents can be removed in two different ways. Sometimes, a string is left attached to the end of the stent. This string is allowed to come out of the patient’s urethra, the tube where he or she urinates. The string can be used to pull on the stent and remove it. In cases where a string is not left attached, a small camera called a cystoscope is inserted into the patient’s urethra after numbing medication has usually been administered. The cystoscope is then advanced into the bladder and the stent is grasped with an instrument and removed. See our post on stent removal for a video and more details.

How long can a stent stay in?

In general, most stents should only remain in for no longer than 3 or so months. If a stent is left in too long, it can form stones directly on it, making removal difficult.

What are the symptoms of having a stent?

While some patients with stents have minimal discomfort related to them, other patients will report symptoms that can range from being annoying to being severe enough that the stent has to be removed. These symptoms can include:

  • Sensation of needing to urinate
  • Seeing blood in the urine
  • Bladder spasms
  • Burning sensation during urination
  • Pain in the back during urination or when moving
  • Pain in the bladder

Is there anything that can help reduce the discomfort of a stent?

Different medications may be given to help reduce the discomfort of a stent. The most effective appears to be those from the alpha blocker class of medications including tamsulosin (Flomax) and Alfuzosin (Uroxatral). Other types of medications commonly given for stent discomfort, such as oxybutynin (Ditropan) or phenazopyridine (Pyridium), do not appear to be successful at reducing stent related discomfort in placebo controlled studies.  Traditional pain medications are also less successful at reducing stent discomfort.

Hasn’t anyone come up with a better stent?

Research into improving stent designs will hopefully reduce the discomfort associated with them. Innovative stent designs currently being tested include stents embedded with medications to reduce discomfort and stents that dissolve by themselves.

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tish wood

My husband has a genetic dementia that carries the motor neurone disease,he can not do or say anything and he is now peg fed, to others he shows no pain as he can no longer shout or scream but i see it in his eyes his strong grip the shakeing of his hand when he needs a pee and his posture slumping to the right side where the stones are. He had a stent put in over nine weeks ago he was to have the op 3 weeks ago but it was canceled,today he went for the op and it took them to long as the stent was embedded in the stones so now he has to go through it all again they say in two weeks but i wont hold my breath . What I am saying is if he could talk he would have been sorted long ago,

Jen Cunningham

I’ve been dealing with multiple stones on both sides since November causing bleeding in urine and uti symptoms in early feb we talked about starting with litho but then my 5mm moved into the left tube and they left me suffer with it there and meds and trying to see if it would move till last Friday I had surgery they went up the urethra and blasted it and then put a stupid stent in which I was told prior I prob wouldn’t need this has been miserable I’d rather give birth to triplets any day of the week med free. I’ve been miserable since I came home and I’m on every med they give I handled the stones moving better than this stupid stent stay at home mom who can’t take care of their kids well like this and they told me a couple days now they say the order is for 2 weeks but I already planned a small trip with my kids for spring break I will fight for this I need this crappy thing out I’m ready to feel better already 6 mo is too long to keep dealing with this crap!

Steve

I had a stent inserted on the 1st March. I was going to have the two 9mm stones broken up by laser on the 1st but my Ureter was too tight to allow laser and camera to be used. Therefore stent installed to widen the ureter. I was told by the surgeon that some people experience some discomfort I was not expecting the pain I have been in. The actual pain from the kidney stones are not as bad since the stent insertion. Howevery I am aware of the stent all the time and having a pee is very painful plus you feel as if you want to pee and when you try and go you only have a painful dribble. I have found that drinking a lot of water helps as the pee is not so red. I am due to have kidney stones laser on the 22 March. I am not sure if they will remove the stent at that time. I a desperately hoping they do.

Tracy Quintana

I had a stent put in today and the pain is excruciating. Urologist is concerned kidney is no longer viable as the stone is 3cm and appears to have been lodged for a long time. I must have a higher tolerance of pain except now. Wont know for 10 to 14 days if surgery will be to remove stone or kidney. I am hoping to find relief from the pain.

Nayan

Hi Tracy,
Ask your doctor about ‘Lithotripsy’. I am having a 2.5cm * 1cm stone in my left kidney and am currently undergoing this procedure. If thee stone is still in Kidney, this process is better. Its might be slow but at least there won’t be any surgery.

Liz

I just had a stent placed after undergoing a laser treatment to break up a kidney stone in my ureter. I can honestly say that I have had minimal discomfort. Maybe a 1-2/10. I have had a mild twinge of discomfort when I urinate. My urine is still blood tinged. I am able to walk around comfortably. I have not had to take any pain meds as of this time.

I was so afraid of having this procedure done after reading all of the comments below. Granted, everyone has a different experience, but they are not all horrible. With the number of kidney stones that I have had,(10) unfortunately, I will likely go through this again in the future, but I will not be so worried or afraid. If you are about to go through this for the first time, please let this reassure you and talk to your urologist about your concerns.

Shu

Had a self removable stent placed in on 3/16/16 due to a 3mm stone in my bladder that would not move. I also have a 2mm stone in my rt kidney with all thats been going on with the rt side I now have hydronphrosis (fluid around kidney) and a 1cm stone in my left. I will say my symptoms before surgery was a constant urge to pee, felt like my bladder was gonna explode, sharp pain would come and go in the bladder area. I just got home from surgery and I still feel the same except 10 times worse however they said it will go away once the stent is removed and to continue drinking plenty of fluids, but this is the most uncomfortable pain I’ve had since giving birth……uggg come on 3 days that’s when I can remove the stent and see if the surgery truly worked.

Tiffany V

I just had a stent placed on 3/15/16 and I have been in the worst pain since they but me on pain med here in the ER every 6 hours and it doesn’t help me at all it sucks thank god my nurse pushed and pushed for me to get more meds because what they were giving me didn’t work I came in on 3/14/16 and they kept me due to a blockage and a kidney infection and it seems like I am in more pain now than before and it’s no fun when the only doctor in the ER overnight won’t come up to see you or find out why I am in so much pain. I am just ready to be home in my own bed with my own blankets. I hate this feeling of being in pain and this hurts a lot more than I thought it would

Carolyn Spears

Hi I was diagnosed with kidney stone with colic and I have an stent and I will say this has to be the most painful medical issue that I’ve ever experience

Carol

I have had stones for the past 4 years! Surgeries and stents put in! Painful beyond belief @ times! My Fear is always about another one appearing… A few weeks ago, my daughter learned from a Bank Manager – who also, has problems with Kidney Stones! He stated, the pain wS so, bad he wanted to jump off a Bridge! Nevertheless, he told my daughter to share this info with me… Get a Cactus Pear Plant – take the juice outa the big prickly leaves and let it sit in 8 ounce glass of water and drink it! He no longer suffers with Stones! I have not tried this as of yet, but I am going too! I’ll try it- I do not want more Stones! Scares me to much, because like all of you – the pain is unbearable!

mateldia ferguson

one week ago on Monday I had a stint kidney surgery, it will be removed this coming Wed, I have leakage and wearing pullups. Is this normal and will it stop when stent is removed. Again is the leakage normal

Lissa

Lots of stones in both kidneys one being 2cm and gall bladder stones too. I’ve had my stent in for 2 weeks and I’m DONE with it. Noone told me what to expect apart from the nurse before surgery saying it’s uncomfortable to say the least, Nice, thanks for that. Anyway the first week was pure hell. All I could do is cry each time I peed. Pain meds sucked because they wouldn’t give me anything strong due to losing so much weight. And the blood just scared the crap out of me they say because i dont drink enought water and im basic ally peeing blood.. Called the dr saying it feels like being raped with a hot poker and all they say is this is normal. Well I’m allergic to latex and now I have this infection or something going on down there and I’m gonna be so mad if I find out this stent has latex in it. They told me 8 bottles of water shit I have a hard time drinking 4. Roll on tuesday when this thing finally comes out. Never again and if the dr brings it up he’s probably gonna get a throat punch.

I just had bi lateral stents put in because the stones are to big to pass & I have to wear them until I go back the 16th of this month to have the stones lasered then more stents put in I’ve had this surgery done before but never in two separate surgeries this time thank God I have a great Dr his name is Dr.Oliver from Athens urology clinic he’s doing all this even without me having insurance plus the stents he put in aren’t bothering me nearly as bad as the ones I had in earlier surgeries I think the skill of the doctor makes all the diy

Zoe Haugen

I have had multiple stones for 13 years. 4 Lithotripsys within 3 years. I went to local ER and no beds were available in any nearby hospitals, so I suffered for 7+ hrs. I was puking and in agony. Finally ambulance transferred me to a patient overload in nearby hospital and I had a stent inserted because too many stones plus one really huge one and a lot of blood and scar tissue. The stent is awful with pain, excruciating when I urinate, ongoing urgency despite oxybutinin. In 2 + weeks I will have another Lithotripsy. Don’t know when stent comes out, soon I hope, it’s painful. Please find a safe prevention of kidney stone creation. I’m concerned for longterm kidney ramifications. Im on SSDI and very poor as it is.

Had my first experience with kidney stones. Had two stents. First stent was internally placed because the stone was too big and dangerous to remove the internal stent was irritating bit liveable. Second stent was put in after the stones were removed now I have a lot of pain blood in urine comes and goes pain is very bad. I am of from work for a week and I am a teacher I am exhausted after standing for 5 minutes. Crappiest three weeks of my life.

lawre

I am curious if any of you all have a doctor in Winston Salem, NC. My aunt has been scheduled to have a stent removed that was placed in mid-December, 2015. As of this afternoon at 4 pm, she has had her appointment cancelled for the THIRD time. Each time they say she has a UTI and are giving her another antibiotic. She has been on an antibiotic almost full time since the placement. Sounds like malpractice to me; I am doing research about this situation.

Shu

Definitely check into it, stents are common to cause a UTI and they still should be able to remove it. Once they do the UTI will go away almost immediately.

Minivan Mom

Stent placed yesterday. 1 stone also removed. Pain level was high after the procedure and was not diminished with Norco. Ultimately IV Toradol helped reduce my pain level enough to go home (it seems that reducing internal swelling was what I needed). There are still more stones in the kidney and a uteroscopy is scheduled in a week to assess . This was my first experience with stones and stents and every part of this process has been terribly painful. I’m nervous about having another procedure and also anxious about the planned lithotripsy. Pain and spasms are fairly constant but spasms after urination are brutal and last about 30 minutes even with medication. I look forward to stent removal due to the unexpected level of discomfort. Bloody urine is also present but not bothersome.

Wanda

We are in the same boat…this is horrible… when are you having your stent removed?

Minivan Mom

Hi. My stent was removed this week. It took about 3-4 days to start feeling better. I hope to never experience this again but the doc says my chances are about 70% (likely to recur). I hope that diet and lifestyle changes reduce those odds. Good luck to you.

Jayne

I’ve had many stones in the past but just recently had my first lithotripsy and had a stent put in. I also can’t believe how uncomfortable the stent is and I’m also experiencing the bladder spasms. I’m hoping that my follow up this week will result in the stent being removed and no more procedures are needed.

Julie

Ughh i hear you. I have bilateral stents. Its misery. I go for another surgery on friday for a huge stone in my right kidney. I need these things out. I can’t work i feel like im gonna pee everywhere. Im uncomfortable in pain and just plain miserable since my first surgery almost 2 weeks ago. I pray she takes them out friday. Hang in there.

Lisa F

I just had the same procedure. The blood will diminish in the urine. Pain should also diminish after s few days. I had 3 stones removed. I had stent before but this time it seems to be irritating me. I am 5 days post op and this this year first day I had no pain meds.

Hayley

Hi iv had stents every year for 10 years now but had surgery in Jan and Feb in each kidney to remove stones and still have the stent in 5 weeks later going in this Tuesday for hopefully last op, I have always found stents painful but this time I can barely walk, constantly feel like I need a pee yet I don’t it’s been awful even with liquid morphine prescribed for home use 🙁 I’m miserable! Hope this is the end on Tuesday! Who would think kidney stones can cause so much pain n trouble I’d rather have my neph rude this this stent! Xx

Don

Have had stones off an on since 1986 Had litho done in 2007 was basically a breeze, Just had it done again this past Friday and they installed a stent. The doctor didn’t even tell me one was installed until after I called the office complaining the pain was just as bad as pre-lithotripsy. Then I was informed of it, I’m not due back before 5 weeks. Honestly can say if I had a cord attached to the stent I’d be yanking the mo fo out. I’ve missed a day of work so far because I’m exhausted in pain and freezing to death even with an electric blanket on me. Dr prescribed Vicodin yesterday after reactions I was having to Hydromorphone . Vicodin does nothing I’ll deal with the issues of the Hydromorphone cause at least it helps a little. I’ve strained-screened every ounce of urine and still have not passed anything, the very young nurse said thats normal, didn’t happen like that before, I was passing grit and small stones within hours and catching them. Very frustrated to say the least and the Drs office isn’t very helpful think its time to find a new Dr

I was diagnosed with metastatic endometrial cancer back in 2014. Initially, That was treated with surgery, 4 cycles of chemo and 28 radiation treatments. Every three months, I have a follow up PET/CT. Back in November, 2015, I had surgery again, this time to remove a swollen lymph node that was obstructing my left ureter. “My” surgeon wanted some extra “safe-guards” should she have to section that ureter to remove the lymph node. I am rapidly approaching the 3-month anniversary of installation. I’ve had pain, infections, massive bleeding (for a time I “peed cherry Kool aid – not really, but that’s what it looked like in the toilet), visits to urgent care. FINALLY, if we can get the pre-op testing done next week, removal and possible replacement, with a smaller (shorter) one the first part of March. Right now, the most severe symptom is back pain, on that left side. I had a chemo treatment yesterday and medical oncology attending only had to palpate that area and I practically flew of the chemo chair; I am in that much pain! What we don’t know and won’t, until the day of the minor surgery is if there will be a new one, of if they say I don’t need it now.

frances

Wow so sorry hope all goes well –

mumtwice

Hi, I have kidneys stone in left side, 1cm big, they put stant at 18 of November, they said it will take 2-4weeks it’s already 22 of ferbruary and nothing is done, I’m really feel depressed, because I can’t work. I called lot of times but no answer, maybe somebody have suggestions what to do next, I’m really fed up with these.

Danielle

Find a new urologist! I just had a 1 cm stone removed last week because the doctor said one that size is unlikely to pass. When he got in there the stone was in fact impacted so no way it was moving on its own. I get the stent out tomorrow (HALLELUJAH).
GOOD LUCK!

patti

Go to the E.R…. if You leave the Stent in for more than 3 or 4 Months, stones may grow on it, and it will be hard to remove… Just saying…
Good Luck

Arpit

recently I had a surgery for Kidney stones. I have 2 stones of 108 &104 mm. After 2 days of surgery, my doctor told me that they have to put stent because my wound was leaking very much, but when dr. put stent in my body it was the most painful moment for me… it took 10 to 15 min. but that 15 min was the most horrible moment for me. Now that stent will b removed after a month and I m very much afraid.:'(

Dan

I’m 24, I had my first known stone in November and recently had to have an 8mm stone removed via laser uroscopy. They left a stent in which after doing some reading terrified me. But in all honesty it wasn’t terrible, the anxiety and speculation about its removal was the worst part. My doc was a smart guy and had me play right into it, removing it quickly and relatively painless. I’d put it at a 2/10 for an instant.

Mike Green

I have figured out that urogesic-blue is causing me lots of pain. I am supposed to take 3 a day. I was taking them at 6a noon and 6p. By 2 pm urination was unbearable. That would last tI’ll 10p. From 12p till 12 a urination was tolerable. I switched my med to a 24 hour schedule and it is much more tolerable all day. I take it at 6a, 2 p and 10p. It still hurts a little but it is no where near the pain I was having between 2p and 10p. It felt like salt in an open wound.

I have just gone through 3 operations to remove a stent that was put in over two years ago. I have no answer’s of my doctor had 3 special scans before my last op on the 26th January 2016 today received a letter to go to a new diagnostic centre to have more tests. But know one is telling me what’s happening , I just dates for operations it’s becoming a

If I read this correctly, you have had a single Stent placed over two years ago, and it has never been replaced once? If this is correct, you should know that stents are not designed to be in that long at all. I am shocked to hear that noone has informed you of this. I believe all ureter stent manufacturers warn that their stents cannot remain in for periods longer than 3 to 6 months. If yours has been in over 2 years straight, I suggest you seek the best urologist you can find.

turkeyooo

I found out last wed i had stones had emergency surgery in hospital 5 days and I’m hurting so bad don’t no what to do i have over twp weeks before see doc what can i do. why sp much blood

Steve born 1944

Stones are a bitch, I have had them since 1984 and Stent in and out ever since. I go to UCDMC and they are great. Best of luck to all of you, I get mine out 2 / 16 / 16. If they find a way to prevent stones I will do it.

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